Antenna Radiation Patterns
Plotting RF antenna gain, side lobes, and half-power beamwidths (HPBW) in telecommunications engineering.
Cercles concentriques et rayons d'angle
Polar graph paper plots points based on a distance r from a central pole origin and an angle θ from a positive horizontal polar axis. Concentric circles represent radial increments, while radial lines represent angular increments (typically 15° or π/12 radians).
x = r · cos(θ), y = r · sin(θ); r ∈ [0, R_max], θ ∈ [0, 2π)Polar coordinates originated with Sir Isaac Newton and Jacques Bernoulli in the late 17th century to describe orbital mechanics and spirals that are mathematically unwieldy in standard Cartesian coordinates.
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Plotting RF antenna gain, side lobes, and half-power beamwidths (HPBW) in telecommunications engineering.
Documenting cardioid, omnidirectional, and figure-8 acoustic pickup patterns in audio engineering.
Visualizing rose curves (r = a · cos(kθ)), Archimedean spirals (r = a + bθ), and cardioids.
Drafting nautical navigation bearings, sonar sweeps, and celestial azimuth-elevation observations.
The center point represents r = 0. The positive horizontal ray pointing right corresponds to θ = 0° (0 radians).
Assign a uniform physical value per concentric ring (e.g. 1 ring = 10 dB, 1 meter, or 0.5 units).
Rotate counterclockwise to angle θ, then count outward along the radial spoke to distance r.
Trace curves through plotted points smoothly, keeping radial distances calibrated to the concentric rings.
Concentric rings are mathematically exact circles. Ensure printer driver scaling is set to 100% to prevent circles from distorting into ovals.
Dessinez des schémas, annotez des coordonnées ou tracez des formes géométriques directement sur cette grille dans votre navigateur.